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First group of blood disorders includes anemia, neutropenia, neutrophilia, thalasemmia, and thrombocytopenia. The second group of blood disorders includes aplastic anemia, and myeloproliferative disorder. The above come under benign and non-malignant disorders. Most of the blood disorders are curable and some times non-malignant blood disorders can be cured if donors are available.
Anemia is generally caused by iron deficiency and protein. Minor cases can be treated by in taking of diet rich in iron and protein sources such as egg, red meat, nuts or by taking iron supplements. Blood disorders treatment of other major cases that are due to bone marrow or stem cell problems involves blood transfusions and SC/bone marrow transplantation.
Sickle cell anemia, Fanconi anemia and there are other genetic blood disorder that affect blood and immune cells. Blood disorders treatment for first group blood disorder involves stem cell transplantation. The main target of this transplantation is to replace the defective Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to normal functional HSCs from a donor. Blood disorder treatment for second group of blood diseases can be done by replacing or rebuilding the functional HSCs by allogenic Hematopoietic Stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Consideration of safety and efficacy are the critical issues in using HSCT.
Most blood disorders are monogenic mutations such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. Blood disorders treatment for these diseases can be done either by gene correction or gene addition by HSCT. Gene correction can be feasible if the efficacy is more and proliferation rate is high. Gene addition can be done by integrating the extra copy of normal gene into patients HSCs chromosomes.
Beta Thalassemia is inherited genetic blood disorder and disorder occurs due to defective hemoglobin. There are two forms namely major also called Cooley's anemia and minor thalassemia. Blood disorders treatment for minor thalassemia includes supplements of folic acid, penicillin prophylaxis or by vaccination. Major cases can be cured by insertion of normal beta chain gene by gene therapy or by molecular medicine and by blood transfusions. Recent research says that HIV viruses are used for treatment as blood transfusions sometimes leads to an iron build up that eventually damage organs.
Thrombocytopenia is a condition where there is reduced number of circulating platelets. Blood disorders treatment includes administration of corticosteroids, lithium carbonate or folate for stimulating bone marrow to produce platelets. In major cases of thrombocytopenia it requires platelets transfusions, splenectomy and injecting high dosage of intravenous immunoglobulin.
Myeloproliferative disorders are group of disease where bone marrow produces more amount of RBC, WBC and platelets. Blood disorders treatment for such diseases involves ten types of standard treatments such as high dose of chemotherapy, transfusion therapy, phlebotomy, stem cell transplantation, radiation, etc. Researchers working on new types of treatment involving oral therapy that are in clinical trials.
